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  • working-with-trade-us
  1. Evidence & Research
  2. Working with TUs

Working with Trade Unions

The IPA has identified that a serious barrier to positive industrial relations in the UK is the sparse level of knowledge amongst managers in how to deal effectively with trade unions. Very few, for example, have experience of how to negotiate. Negotiation is sometimes referred to as an art. In fact, it is a process that requires specific skills and behaviours which can be developed in anyone by using a relatively simple suite of tools and techniques. Above all, it is about thorough planning which develops the confidence managers need to overcome perceptions about what they up against.

Negotiation does not have to be a confrontational exercise littered with the “dark arts” of deception, brinkmanship or one-upmanship. It can be an open and honest dialogue which genuinely seeks consensus and establishes a solid platform for good industrial relations in an organisation.The IPA has developed a training course primarily aimed at managers who are required to negotiate with trade union representatives. The training course would be tailored for the specific needs of the managers in their particular organisation, but the content would normally include the following:

  • The history of trade unions and where they are now
  • Examination of the challenges all parties face
  • How negotiations are structured including; setting out the process at outset, rules of engagement (including time-outs); taking effective notes
  • Understanding the different types of consultation and negotiation techniques including: option-based, interest-based and traditional collective
  • Identifying what negotiating skills are; establishing objectives, preparation using 15 strategic questions, identifying your backstop position
  • Strategies to use when demands cannot be met
  • Identifying what consultation and negotiation behaviours are
  • Understanding what happens next from perspectives including; ballots, sign-off procedures, mutual understanding, communication protocols
  • Four case study scenarios - The “no-no” vote, The skills/behaviours gap, Enlarging “the cake”, Stalling for time
  • Action planning

Partnership Working

The concept of partnership working has been the source of much debate since the original IPA model was developed in 1992. The IPA consultative process, however, sought input from a wide range of business leaders, trade unionists and academics which helped us to establish the following underlying principles:
  • Joint commitment to the success of the organisation
  • Joint recognition of each other’s legitimate interests
  • Joint commitment to employment security
  • Joint focus on the quality of working life
  • Joint commitment to operating in a transparent manner
  • Joint commitment to add value to the arrangement
These principles translate into common features that are associated with partnership working.  For example, employees would show a strong commitment to the goals of the business and would be flexible in their approach to achieving these goals.  In turn, the organisation would understand and listen to employee concerns and actively pursue policies to address such issues wherever possible.  Partnership working is a relationship based on the satisfaction of mutual as well as separate interests with respect given by both parties to those separate interests. However, partnership works best when a union thinks about the business and business thinks about the staff before any decision is made or any action is taken.  By doing so, a virtuous circle can be achieved rather than a vicious one.

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What are the behaviours needed for partnership?

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All of this depends on how the managers and union representatives get on with each other and, more importantly, how much they trust each other. If managers take union representatives into their confidence by sharing ideas and information at the earliest stage, they have to know that this trust will not be breached. This is probably the most critical aspect of partnership working and presents as big a challenge to the trade union representative as it does to the manager. In a sense, the old method of industrial relations was relatively simple when both sides would try to “get one over” on the other by being secretive and bureaucratic. Openness and honesty, however, results in a big increase in responsibility for all of those involved in partnership working. This takes time to achieve.

A manager should eventually feel comfortable with bringing any issue to the attention of a union representative in the knowledge that any response would be clam and considered. In turn, the union representative should feel comfortable with bringing any issue to the attention of a manager in the knowledge that it will be considered seriously but not necessarily acted upon. All parties should communicate in a cordial manner without threats or a reversion back to “command and control” styles.

Published: 1st November, 2017

Author: Patrick Brione

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What does partnership mean for a manager?

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The requirement for change is often very similar for managers. Middle managers are usually cited as one of the main reasons why partnership working fails but this is often because they are not engaged in the process. It is natural to feel disenfranchised when this happens.  

Managers have no reason to feel threatened by partnership working. They have a right to manage and the final decision is theirs; the difference is that the business case is being made available to the union representatives openly, honestly and at the earliest stage possible.  A manager must be equipped with the skills to respond positively to challenges and should accept employees’ desire for information, representation and consultation before decisions are taken. 

Partnership working should help a manager achieve their objectives. Being able to run ideas past a union representative and thus gauge the potential response of the staff, can only help the decision making process. An idea might be modified to take account of this or it might not but, at the very least, the reaction to a decision is known.

Published: 1st November, 2017

Author: Patrick Brione

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What does partnership mean for a trade union representative?

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It is accepted that partnership working may entail a change to deeply held beliefs. Clearly, a union must accept a need for flexible working, jettisoning demarcations and restrictive practices and understand that it is not acceptable to merely say “no”.  This makes the job of a union representative more demanding because they have to think about potential business impacts when requesting the maintenance or improvement to existing terms and conditions. It also requires an acceptance of the management’s right to manage and make the final decision.

This does not mean that a union representative has to agree with everything that is placed in front of him or her. The difference is that any objection should be supported by something more than ideology. If a challenge is made to a business decision, it should be made in such a way as to facilitate a meaningful discussion. Once a decision is made, however, the representative must have a clear understanding of why as it is vital that this is explained to the membership and the staff.

Published: 1st November, 2017

Author: Patrick Brione

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How do organisations benefit from a partnership approach?

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Partnership is built on principles and practices of shared commitment between the organisation and the people who work there.  This should produce the following business benefits:

  • Change implemented with assistance rather than resistance
  • Competitive edge for the organisation
  • Dealing with issues before they become problems
  • Less bureaucracy
  • Fewer, if any, tribunal cases
  • Higher levels of staff retention
  • Greater ability to recruit high quality staff
  • Low levels of absenteeism
  • Less conflict
  • Better decision making

For a trade union, all of these are benefits too. There are also some specific areas that a trade union working in partnership will benefit from:

  • Opportunity to maintain or increase its influence on company strategy
  • Opportunity to ensure that the impact of staff is considered in any decision
  • Opportunity to increase membership levels
  • Opportunity to develop the skills of the representatives to a much higher level
  • Opportunity to become an equal stakeholder within the organisation

 These, if the union approaches partnership working in the right spirit, are benefits to the organisation as well.

Published: 1st November, 2017

Author: Patrick Brione

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How can the IPA help?

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What we do

The IPA led the way with the ground-breaking Towards Industrial Partnership project in 1992 and has been at the forefront of thinking since – more recently publishing The Practitioners Guide to Partnership Working.  Our research activity underpins the services we provide to organisations developing partnership working, whether taking the first steps on the journey or seeking to enhance existing ways of working.

Working closely with client organisations, the IPA team can:

  • Help you to set up a partnership, or develop those that are already in place
  • Provide a diagnostic – where are you now?
  • Develop and test a road map for change     
  • Design interventions such as vision workshops and training at all levels of the organisation looking at appropriate skills and behaviours
  • Ensure that organisations are getting the most from their partnership

Contact Derek Luckhurst, training and development director for more information at [email protected] 
 

What they say - Guernsey Post Limited

Guernsey Post asked Nita to help the company extend their approach to partnership working with the CWU.  Based on a series of interviews, Nita presented her findings at a joint workshop where senior union representatives and managers agreed a way forward.

"We really appreciated the way Nita put together the workshop it was  stretching, lively and interesting for all concerned. It helped us to move our partnership approach on another step - a vital factor in meeting the continuing challenges for our people and our business". 

- Steve Rains, HR Director, Guernsey Post Limited

Published: 1st November, 2017

Updated: 1st February, 2018

Author: Patrick Brione

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Involvement & Participation Association (IPA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales under number 648436 and registered as a Charity number 200468

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